Conductivity of water sample

OBJECTIVE
To determine the conductivity of the given water samples.

PRINCIPLE
Conductivity meter is standardized with standard KCl to adjust the internal cell constant of the instrument, matching the conductivity of KCl solution. Alter standardization (.i.e. setting cell constant) measure conductivity of the unknown solution.
Conductivity is a measure of the ability of an aqueous solution to carry an electric current, which depends on the ionic strength of the water.

APPARATUS
Conductivity meter: If an aqueous solution conducts electricity, then it must contain ions. So measuring the conductance of solutions can tell you whether the solutes in the solution are dissociated into ions, and whether chemical reactions in solution are producing or consuming ions.Any solution, even one containing ions, provides considerable resistance to the flow of current through it. Conductivity is, roughly speaking, the reciprocal of this resistance -- high resistance means low conductivity; low resistance means high conductivity.
PROCEDURE
1) Warm the instrument for 15 – 20 minutes
2) Bring the standard KCl solution and the sample to 25°C
3) Rinse the electrode with standard KCl solution
4) Rinse the electrode with distilled water and the sample
5) Measure the conductivity directly, when it becomes stable
RESULTS
Sample No. Conductivity
1. 500 µS
2. 480 µS
3. 1360 µS
4. 1380 µS
The results clearly indicate the excessive concentration of ionic matter in the polluted river sample.
By-Riddhi singh